Text and Interpretation of Psalm 98:9a (Drew)

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Introduction[ ]

Argument Map(s)[ ]

Hebrew Text of Psalm 98:9a[ ]

 
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=== 
[Preferred Hebrew text:]: לפני יהוה כי בא לשפט הארץ
 + <Most Hebrew witnesses and ancient versions translated from the Hebrew support this reading.>:
  + [Supporting witnesses 1:]: MT, TgPs, Peshitta, Vulg (iuxta Hebr.)
 + <The reading לפני יהוה כי בא לשפט הארץ is unlikely to be due to assimilation to parallel passages>: This reading is dissimilar to both parallels in Ps 96:13 and 1 Chr 16:33, and this uniqueness argues for its originality.
  <_ <The Old Greek reading lacking לפני יהוה is more dissimilar>: לפני יהוה in Ps 98:9 may be due to harmonization to Ps 96:13. #dispreferred
 - <Old Greek lacks לפני יהוה>: #dispreferred
  + [Supporting witnesses 2:]: ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν “because he has come to judge the earth” (OG: B′’ Sa R′’ = NETS) #dispreferred
  + <The Old Greek reading best explains the other readings and cannot be explained based on the other readings.>: There is no compelling explanation for why a scribe or translator would have omitted לפני יהוה. On the other hand, the presence of לפני יהוה in the MT is easily explicable as harmonization to Ps 96:13. Alternatively, the Greek is also the more difficult reading, since יהוה is further removed from the verb, which leaves some ambiguity about the subject of the verb. The MT reading facilitates reading יהוה as the subject and may therefore be suspect. #dispreferred
  + <The poetic balance seems best with the Old Greek reading.>: In MT, לפני יהוה seems poetically orphaned, unless יחד is read together with נהרות ימחאו כף. In contrast, in the parallels in Ps 96:13 and 1 Chr 16:33, מ)לפני יהוה) are part of well-balanced bicola. #dispreferred
   <_ <The Greek seems to read יחד together with נהרות ימחאו כף, which leaves כי בא לשפט הארץ orphaned.>:
 - <Some witnesses read double כי בא כי בא.>: #dispreferred
  + [Supporting witnesses 3:]: ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: L´’ A´’ Aug and other Latin witnesses). #dispreferred
  <_ <Duplication of כי בא may be the result of recensional activity.>: The recensions probably added ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου that was lacking in the Old Greek to align the Greek with the MT. The recessions also translated כי בא as ὅτι ἔρχεται, reflecting a present tense reading of the verb. The recessional reading ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται was added to the Old Greek ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν, creating the duplicate reading.
   <_ <The recensions are unlikely to have added ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου unless reading מלפני.>: #dispreferred
  <_ <Duplication of כי בא may reflect harmonization to the doubled form in the close parallel Ps 96:13.>:
 - <Some witnesses read מלפני.>: #dispreferred
  + [Supporting witnesses 4:]: ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου L´’ A´’ Aug Vulg (iuxta LXX = Gallican). #dispreferred
  + [1 Chr 16:33 reads מלפני.]: #dispreferred
  + <The recensions are unlikely to have added ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου unless reading מלפני.>: #dispreferred
  <_ <Greek and Latin witnesses reading מלפני may be assimilation to 1 Chr 16:33.>:


Argument Mapn0Preferred Hebrew text:לפני יהוה כי בא לשפט הארץn1Supporting witnesses 1:MT, TgPs, Peshitta, Vulg (iuxta Hebr.)n6Most Hebrew witnesses and ancient versions translated from the Hebrew support this reading.n1->n6n2Supporting witnesses 2:ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν “because he has come to judge the earth” (OG: B′’ Sa R′’ = NETS) n9Old Greek lacks לפני יהוהn2->n9n3Supporting witnesses 3:ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: L´’ A´’ Aug and other Latin witnesses). n13Some witnesses read double כי בא כי בא.n3->n13n4Supporting witnesses 4:ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου L´’ A´’ Aug Vulg (iuxta LXX = Gallican). n17Some witnesses read מלפני.n4->n17n51 Chr 16:33 reads מלפני.n5->n17n6->n0n7The reading לפני יהוה כי בא לשפט הארץ is unlikely to be due to assimilation to parallel passagesThis reading is dissimilar to both parallels in Ps 96:13 and 1 Chr 16:33, and this uniqueness argues for its originality.n7->n0n8The Old Greek reading lacking לפני יהוה is more dissimilarלפני יהוה in Ps 98:9 may be due to harmonization to Ps 96:13. n8->n7n9->n0n10The Old Greek reading best explains the other readings and cannot be explained based on the other readings.There is no compelling explanation for why a scribe or translator would have omitted לפני יהוה. On the other hand, the presence of לפני יהוה in the MT is easily explicable as harmonization to Ps 96:13. Alternatively, the Greek is also the more difficult reading, since יהוה is further removed from the verb, which leaves some ambiguity about the subject of the verb. The MT reading facilitates reading יהוה as the subject and may therefore be suspect. n10->n9n11The poetic balance seems best with the Old Greek reading.In MT, לפני יהוה seems poetically orphaned, unless יחד is read together with נהרות ימחאו כף. In contrast, in the parallels in Ps 96:13 and 1 Chr 16:33, מ)לפני יהוה) are part of well-balanced bicola. n11->n9n12The Greek seems to read יחד together with נהרות ימחאו כף, which leaves כי בא לשפט הארץ orphaned.n12->n11n13->n0n14Duplication of כי בא may be the result of recensional activity.The recensions probably added ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου that was lacking in the Old Greek to align the Greek with the MT. The recessions also translated כי בא as ὅτι ἔρχεται, reflecting a present tense reading of the verb. The recessional reading ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται was added to the Old Greek ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν, creating the duplicate reading.n14->n13n15The recensions are unlikely to have added ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου unless reading מלפני.n15->n14n15->n17n16Duplication of כי בא may reflect harmonization to the doubled form in the close parallel Ps 96:13.n16->n13n17->n0n18Greek and Latin witnesses reading מלפני may be assimilation to 1 Chr 16:33.n18->n17


 
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=== 
[Main point title]: Main point.
 + <Supporting argument title>: Type supporting argument here (Author Date:Page :C:).
  + <Supporting statement title>: Type supporting statement here (Author Date:Page :G:).
   + [Supporting evidence title]: List supporting evidence here.
  <_ <Undercutting statement title>:Type undercutting statement here (Author Date:Page :C:).#dispreferred
  - <Refuting statement title>:Type refuting statement here (Author Date:Page :C:; Author Date:Page :A:).#dispreferred


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Conclusion[ ]

Research[ ]

Parallel Passages[ ]

1 Chronicles 16:33[ ]

  • מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה כִּי־בָא לִשְׁפּוֹט אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (MT)
  • ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἦλθεν κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (OG)
  • ἀπὸ προσώπου (του) κυρίου, ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: L19,93,108)
  • ὅτι ἦλθεν κρῖναι τὴν γῆν* (G-𝔄? = Armenian?; symbol not defined in Brooke-McLean)

Psalm 96:13[ ]

  • לִפְנֵי יְהוָה כִּי בָא כִּי בָא לִשְׁפֹּט הָאָרֶץ (MT)
  • πρὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται, ὅτι ἔρχεται κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (OG)
  • πρὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται, ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: Lpau′)
  • πρὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: Lpau Sa)

Translations[ ]

Ancient[ ]

Present Perfect[ ]

  • ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν “because he has come to judge the earth” (OG: B′’ Sa R′’ = NETS)
  • קדם ייי ארום אתא למידן ארעא “before the LORD, because he has come to judge the earth” (TgPs; participle morphologically possible)
  • ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ ܕܐܬܐ ܠܡܕܢܗܿ ܠܐܪܥܐ “before the Lord, who/because he has come to judge the earth” (Peshitta)

Simple Present[ ]

  • ... ὅτι ἔρχεται κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: οἱ λ´)
  • ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὅτι ἥκει κρῖναι τὴν γῆν (G: L´’ A´’ Syh Aug and other Latin witnesses = 96:13)

Ambiguous Present/Perfect[ ]

  • ante Dominum quia venit iudicare terram (iuxta Hebr.)
  • a conspectu Domini quoniam venit iudicare terram (iuxta LXX = Gallican)

Modern[ ]

Secondary Literature[ ]

References[ ]

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