Property: Text
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
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P
'''v. 1''' – The collocation of the verb נטה with אֹזֶן, "bend your ear," is an idiom which amounts to a similar meaning as the preceding parallel verb, "listen" (the latter of which, הַאֲזִ֣ינָה, is also derived from the root √אזן, "ear"); see also Pss 17:6; 31:3; 45:11; 49:5; 71:2; 86:1; 88:3; 102:3 and 116:2. +
'''v. 4''' תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה – As indicated by the gloss "praiseworthy deeds" (SDBH), YHWH is the agent of these deeds, rather than the recipient of praise, as made clear by the following phrases וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה. +
'''v. 6''' – For the pseudo-coordination of יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ, see the grammar notes. +
'''v. 7''' – As evident from the parallel in Job 31:24, כֶּסֶל, like מִבְטָח, should be understood as the verbal notion ''hoping'' >> ''hope'', carried out by them, which is then placed in a metaphorical location בֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים. +
* The ''lamed'' preposition in the phrase לְמַלְכֵי־אָרֶץ indicates a general relationship between the word "highest" (עֶלְיוֹן) and the phrase "kings of earth" (מַלְכֵי־אָרֶץ), i.e., "the highest ''in relation to'' the kings of the earth" or "the highest ''of'' the kings of the earth" (ESV). This use of ''lamed'' is roughly equivalent to a construct-chain relationship (cf. Jenni 2000, 65-66).
+
'''v. 8''' – For the collocation סוֹרֵ֪ר וּמֹ֫רֶ֥ה, see also בֵּ֚ן סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֔ה (Deut 21:18); בְּנֵ֤נוּ זֶה֙ סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמֹרֶ֔ה (Deut 21:20) and וְלָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ הָיָ֔ה לֵ֖ב סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֑ה (Jer 5:23). +
'''v. 8''' – For discussion of אֵת following ''niphal'' אמן, see the lexical notes. +
'''v. 9''' – According to our preferred grammatical interpretation of this verse, the '''entity-name''', בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם, are further described as armed with %5Ba bow%5D and shooters of the bow, both instances of '''verbal notion-object'''. (For the elision of "bow" in the first instance, see the grammar notes.) Finally, the בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם are said to turn back in (בְּ as a temporal frame) a day of battle, i.e., a day marked by battle ('''entity-characteristic'''). Note that the definite reading of the construct phrase בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב as "'''the''' day of battle" is not licensed by the grammar or the parallel passages of Zech 14:3 and Job 38:23, both of which can be read as general characteristics of the day, rather than a specific battle (notwithstanding the TgPs's interpretive expansion here, which concludes with ביום סידרי קרבא "in the day of the battle lines"). This grammatical construal is not surprising, given that there is no agreement regarding the referent of the battle in question in the literature (though the lexical connections to v. 57 might indicate that the fall of Shiloh is in view). +
'''v. 14''' – As a common noun, the article in בֶּעָנָ֣ן indicates the class reference "''the cloud >> clouds''," and can thus be rendered as generic and indefinite in English (see Bekins forthcoming). +
'''v. 14''' – Since הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה is definite, the quantifier כָל informs the totality of the duration of the night, rather than distributive ''every night'', just as we would expect in parallel with יוֹמָ֑ם (cf. the CEB's "all through the night").'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' +
'''v. 14''' – The construct chain א֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ communicates '''entity-source''', i.e., the light produced by fire. +
'''v. 15''' – The article in בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר is probably identifiable to the reader as activated by the Exodus story, though it could also be generic class, as possibly the case of בַּצִּיָּֽה in v. 17. +
'''v. 16''' – For the probable Masoretic innovation on the article in כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת, see the discussion under '''v. 52''' below. Even if the denotation of נְּהָרוֹת were the deep currents, apparently cosmically unique, these, too, lack the article when not preceded by a proclitic preposition (cf. Pss 74:15; 93:3; see further the discussion of Exodus 15 below). +
'''v. 17''' בַּצִּיָּֽה – See the note on בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר in v. 15. +
'''v. 18''' – While בִּלְבָבָ֑ם could be understood as "in secret" or the like (so Jenni 1992, 202), the following co-text makes this improbable. Thus, "mind, attention" (SDBH; NJPS) and even "intentions" (van der Merwe 2023) has been preferred, though the בְּ can still be understood as locative, i.e., ''in their thoughts''. +
'''v. 18''' – For lamed infinitive constructs such as לִֽשְׁאָל functioning as explicative > specification, that is, "'''by''' doing x," see BHRG §39.11.3.b.ii (cf. Exod 20:8; Judg 9:56; 1 Kgs 3:3; Ps 119:9). +
'''v. 18''' – Since we have preferred the gloss "craving" for נֶפֶשׁ, it follows that the suffix on לְנַפְשָֽׁם would communicate '''characteristic-possessor'''. +
'''v. 19''' – The function of בְּ in וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים is one of ''social contact'' (BHRG §39.6.1.b.iii), while both וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב and אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל (see '''v. 21''') are ''material contact'' (BHRG §39.6.1.b.i), though all malefactive, "against." +
'''v. 21''' – For the function of בְּ in וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב and אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל as ''material contact'' (BHRG §39.6.1.b.i), see the notes in '''v. 19''' above. +
'''v. 23''' – It would have been unproblematic to make שָׁמַ֣יִם a definite dependent of the construct chain (see, e.g., Ps 19:7; 79:2; 104:12; 148:4, etc.), so instead of ''the doors of heaven'', שָׁמַ֣יִם here seems to indicate the genus, type of door. +