Property: Text
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
"Text" is a predefined property that represents text of arbitrary length and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki. This property is pre-deployed (also known as special property) and comes with additional administrative privileges but can be used just like any other user-defined property.
P
פָּרַ֥צְתָּ כָל־גְּדֵרֹתָ֑יו
שַׂ֖מְתָּ מִבְצָרָ֣יו מְחִתָּה׃ +
שַׁ֭סֻּהוּ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ
הָיָ֥ה חֶ֝רְפָּ֗ה לִשְׁכֵנָֽיו׃ +
הֲ֭רִימוֹתָ יְמִ֣ין צָרָ֑יו
הִ֝שְׂמַ֗חְתָּ כָּל־אוֹיְבָֽיו׃ +
אַף־תָּ֭שִׁיב צ֣וּר חַרְבּ֑וֹ
וְלֹ֥א הֲ֝קֵימֹת֗וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ +
הִשְׁבַּ֥תָּ מִטְּהָר֑וֹ
וְ֝כִסְא֗וֹ לָאָ֥רֶץ מִגַּֽרְתָּה׃ +
הִ֭קְצַרְתָּ יְמֵ֣י עֲלוּמָ֑יו
הֶֽעֱטִ֨יתָ עָלָ֖יו בּוּשָׁ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃ +
עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תִּסָּתֵ֣ר לָנֶ֑צַח
תִּבְעַ֖ר כְּמוֹ־אֵ֣שׁ חֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ +
זְכָר־*אֲדֹנָי* מֶה־חָ֑לֶד
עַל־מַה־שָּׁ֝֗וְא בָּרָ֥אתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָֽם׃ +
מִ֤י גֶ֣בֶר יִֽ֭חְיֶה וְלֹ֣א יִרְאֶה־מָּ֑וֶת
יְמַלֵּ֨ט נַפְשׁ֖וֹ מִיַּד־שְׁא֣וֹל סֶֽלָה׃ +
אַיֵּ֤ה ׀ חֲסָדֶ֖יךָ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֥ים ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י
נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לְ֝דָוִ֗ד בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ׃ +
זְכֹ֣ר אֲ֭דֹנָי חֶרְפַּ֣ת עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ
שְׂאֵתִ֥י בְ֝חֵיקִ֗י כָּל־*רִבֵי מֵעַמִּֽים*׃ +
אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵרְפ֖וּ אוֹיְבֶ֥יךָ ׀ יְהוָ֑ה
אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵ֝רְפ֗וּ עִקְּב֥וֹת מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ +
בָּר֖וּךְ יְהוָ֥ה לְ֝עוֹלָ֗ם
אָ֘מֵ֥ן ׀ וְאָמֵֽן׃ +
v. 10b-c – The ''waw'' is present in all the ancient versions, Kennicott 38, 42(?), 73, and JTS 611 (read with a ''shewa'' in the latter). +
vv. 2-4 – Though not reflected in the MT, the LXX distinguishes between the pairs of infinitives in vv. 2-3. In the former, they are the subject of the complement טוֹב, while in the latter, they are read as the purpose of the praise in v. 2. The difficulties arise, therefore, with the meaning of the PPs in v. 4.
LXX (vv. 2-4): Ἀγαθὸν τὸ ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τῷ κυρίῳ
καὶ ψάλλειν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, ὕψιστε,
'''τοῦ ἀναγγέλλειν''' τὸ πρωὶ τὸ ἔλεός σου
καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου κατὰ νύκτα
ἐν δεκαχόρδῳ ψαλτηρίῳ μετʼ ᾠδῆς ἐν κιθάρᾳ.
"It is good to acknowledge the Lord
and to make music to your name, O Most High,
'''in order to''' declare your mercy in the morning
and your truth every night
on a ten-stringed harp, with an ode on a lyre" (NETS)
Note that the Syr. provides a full sentence (without elision) for this verse: ܐܢܐ ܐܩܘܫ ܒܟܢܪܐ ܕܥܣܪ ܘܐܩܘܫ ܒܩܝܬܪܐ ("I will play on a harp of ten strings; I will play on a lyre"; Taylor 2020, 383). +
v. 2 – Note that, rather than a qualitative judgment, this use of טוֹב refers to a "state in which events are well-performed, morally and ethically correct" (SDBH). +
v. 10a – Note that the first line, backwards elided according to the MT, is absent in Vaticanus and Alexandrinus. See further Rahlfs' apparatus (1931, 242). +
Alternative interpretations of the grammar include reading שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה either as an adverbial of manner or as a subject nominal.
• The adverbial reading of שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה, found in the CSB, NASB, NET, NIV, NJPS, SG21, TOB (read as a singular participle in both of these French versions) and supported by GKC §118p.
• The subject reading is provided by the Syr. headless relative clause ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܒܒܝܬܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ("those who are planted in the house of the Lord," Taylor 2020, 385) and the nominative πεφυτευμένοι in the LXX's πεφυτευμένοι ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου (cf. also the CEB, KJV, and the German translations). +
v. 7 – The elision of the object in the first clause has been included in light of the tight parallelism between the two lines. In both cases אֶת־זֹֽאת has been understood as cataphoric, i.e., forward pointing. (Note that the LXX takes the liberty of rendering plural ταῦτα "these things," cf. the Gallican Psalter's ''haec''). For the elision of אֶת־זֹֽאת see Ḥakham's (1979, 181) paraphrase of the verse: איש בער וכסיל לא ידע את זאת ולא יבין את זאת.
The construct dependent בַּ֭עַר has been offered alternatively as an adjective (as the ancient versions). The attestation of this lexeme as a noun is quite well-supported, however, by other texts. See the nominal function of בַּעַר most clearly in Ps. 49.11 (כִּ֤י יִרְאֶ֨ה׀ חֲכָ֘מִ֤ים יָמ֗וּתוּ יַ֤חַד כְּסִ֣יל וָבַ֣עַר יֹאבֵ֑דוּ); quite plausibly in Ps 73.22 (וַאֲנִי־בַ֭עַר) and Prov. 12.1 (אֹהֵ֣ב מ֖וּסָר אֹ֣הֵֽב דָּ֑עַת וְשֹׂנֵ֖א תוֹכַ֣חַת בָּֽעַר). Prov. 30.2 (כִּ֤י בַ֣עַר אָנֹכִ֣י מֵאִ֑ישׁ), however, seems to favor a predicative adjectival reading, while Ps 94:8 draws upon the ptc. בֹּעֲרִ֣ים, rather than, presumably, an available mpl nominal form.
Note that 4Q84 reads איש בער ולא ידע "a man is stupid and/so that he does not know."
GKC (§136a) notes that the primary distinction between proximal and distal ("near" and "far") demonstratives is that the proximal demonstrative “almost always points out a (new) person or thing present, while הוּא (like ''is'', ''ille'', αὐτός, ἐκεῖνος) refers to a person or thing already mentioned or known.” Nevertheless, a clear-cut semantic distinction between proximal and distal demonstratives is elusive, so the boundaries on their respective discourse functions is equally fuzzy in this regard. There is typological evidence, however, for a prototypical anaphoric/cataphoric division between proximal and distal demonstrative, as in "''I can’t believe he said '''that'''''" vs. "''I’ll tell you '''this''': it’s going to be tough''" (Næss et al. (2020, 7-8)); cf. '''זֶ֥ה''' הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ (2 Chr 23:4; "'''This''' is what you will do…"); וְ'''זֶ֥ה''' אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָא־לָ֖הּ יְהוָ֥ה׀ צִדְקֵֽנוּ (Jer 33:16; "'''This''' is what it shall be called: the Lord is our righteousness").
v. 15a – Note Note that an addition of the adjective טובה is found in 4Q84's עוד ינבון בשיבה טובה and that the LXX reads דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים as modifying בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה (ἔτι πληθυνθήσονται ἐν γήρει πίονι), requiring the feminine singular form דְּשֵׁנָה, neither of which are present in any (other) Hebrew manuscript evidence. +