Psalm 8/Particles: Difference between revisions
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*'''vv.2b,5a,10b.''' - מָה – "The psalmist does not ask, 'Who are human beings?' even though 'who' is the normal pronoun for animate beings. Rather, the poet uses מה, the pronoun normally reserved for inanimate objects. The resulting connotation is derisive: 'What are measly human beings...?'"<ref>Nancy L. deClaisse-Walford, Rolf A. Jacobson, and Beth LaNeel Tanner, ''The Book of Psalms'', The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2014).</ref> "The interrogative pronoun מה that occurs in the first and last lines of the psalm, occurs here in the middle of the psalm. The result is a poetic echo between the start, middle, and end of the psalm."<ref>Nancy L. deClaisse-Walford, Rolf A. Jacobson, and Beth LaNeel Tanner, ''The Book of Psalms'', The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2014).</ref> | *'''vv.2b,5a,10b.''' - מָה – "The psalmist does not ask, 'Who are human beings?' even though 'who' is the normal pronoun for animate beings. Rather, the poet uses מה, the pronoun normally reserved for inanimate objects. The resulting connotation is derisive: 'What are measly human beings...?'"<ref>Nancy L. deClaisse-Walford, Rolf A. Jacobson, and Beth LaNeel Tanner, ''The Book of Psalms'', The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2014).</ref> "The interrogative pronoun מה that occurs in the first and last lines of the psalm, occurs here in the middle of the psalm. The result is a poetic echo between the start, middle, and end of the psalm."<ref>Nancy L. deClaisse-Walford, Rolf A. Jacobson, and Beth LaNeel Tanner, ''The Book of Psalms'', The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2014).</ref> "Thus vv. 5 and 6 form the central point of the psalm."<ref>Marvin E. Tate, “An Exposition of Psalm 8,” ''Perspectives in Religious Studies'' 28, no. 4 (Wint 2001) 343–59.</ref> | ||
*'''v.2c.''' אֲשֶר as a relative is somewhat awkward as the antecedent would be either the pronominal suffix on שִׁמךָ or the vocative יהוה אדנינו. It is quite possible that אֲשֶׁר is a causal conjunction (LXX: ὅτι).<ref>''BDB'' 83c 8c; ''KB''<sup>1.2.3</sup>; Holladay, 2c; ''GKC'', 158b; Joüon, 170e; Williams, 468.</ref><!--Peter.Gentry--> Note the [[#Similar sounds in adjacent lines|phonological connection]] between אשׁר and ארץ. | *'''v.2c.''' אֲשֶר as a relative is somewhat awkward as the antecedent would be either the pronominal suffix on שִׁמךָ or the vocative יהוה אדנינו. It is quite possible that אֲשֶׁר is a causal conjunction (LXX: ὅτι).<ref>''BDB'' 83c 8c; ''KB''<sup>1.2.3</sup>; Holladay, 2c; ''GKC'', 158b; Joüon, 170e; Williams, 468.</ref><!--Peter.Gentry--> Note the [[#Similar sounds in adjacent lines|phonological connection]] between אשׁר and ארץ. | ||
*'''v.4a.''' כִּי is cataphoric; v.4ab forms the protasis and v.5ab the apodosis. "Instead of the apodosis ''I exclaim'' which we should expect, the exclamation itself follows."<ref>''GKC'', 159dd.</ref> | *'''v.4a.''' כִּי is cataphoric; v.4ab forms the protasis and v.5ab the apodosis. "Instead of the apodosis ''I exclaim'' which we should expect, the exclamation itself follows."<ref>''GKC'', 159dd.</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 06:25, 21 September 2020
Particles
Prepositions
2a | ||||||||
2b | בְּכָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ | |||||||
2c | עַל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם | |||||||
3a | מִפִּ֤י | |||||||
3b | לְמַ֥עַן צוֹרְרֶ֑יךָ | |||||||
3c | לְהַשְׁבִּ֥ית | |||||||
4a | ||||||||
4b | ||||||||
5a | ||||||||
5b | ||||||||
6a | מֵאֱלֹהִ֑ים | |||||||
6b | ||||||||
7a | בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י יָדֶ֑יךָ | |||||||
7b | תַֽחַת־רַגְלָֽיו | |||||||
8a | ||||||||
8b | ||||||||
9a | ||||||||
9b | ||||||||
10a | ||||||||
10b | בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ |
- vv.2c, 7b. The downward motion of the psalm is underscored by the prepositions עַל (v.2c) and תַּחַת (v.7b).
- v.6a. "חסּר מן signifies to cause to be short of, wanting in something, to deprive any one of something (cf. Ecclesiastes 4:8). מן is here neither comparative (paullo inferiorem eum fecisti Deo), nor negative (paullum derogasti ei, ne esset Deus), but partitive (paullum derogasti ei divinae naturae)."[1],
Waw/Vav
Coordinating Words/Phrases
- v.3a: עֽוֹלְלִ֨ים ׀ וְֽיֹנְקִים֮
- v.3c: א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם
- v.4b: יָרֵ֥חַ וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים
- v.6b: וְכָב֖וֹד וְהָדָ֣ר
- v.8a. צֹנֶ֣ה וַאֲלָפִ֣ים
- v.9a. צִפּ֣וֹר שָׁ֭מַיִם וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם
Coordinating Lines
- v.5a --(וּבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם)--> v.5b
- v.6a --(ָּוְכָב֖וֹד)--> v.6b
- v.8a --(ָּוְ֝גַ֗ם)--> v.8b
Coordinating Sections
- vv.4-5 --(וַתְּחַסְּרֵ֣הוּ)--> vv.6-7,
Other particles
2a | ||||||||
2b | מָֽה־אַדִּ֣יר | |||||||
2c | אֲשֶׁ֥ר | |||||||
3a | ||||||||
3b | ||||||||
3c | ||||||||
4a | כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֣ה | |||||||
4b | אֲשֶׁ֣ר | |||||||
5a | מָֽה־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ | כִּֽי־תִזְכְּרֶ֑נּוּ | ||||||
5b | כִּ֣י תִפְקְדֶֽנּוּ | |||||||
6a | ||||||||
6b | ||||||||
7a | ||||||||
7b | ||||||||
8a | ||||||||
8b | וְ֝גַ֗ם | |||||||
9a | ||||||||
9b | ||||||||
10a | ||||||||
10b | מָֽה־אַדִּ֥יר |
- vv.2b,5a,10b. - מָה – "The psalmist does not ask, 'Who are human beings?' even though 'who' is the normal pronoun for animate beings. Rather, the poet uses מה, the pronoun normally reserved for inanimate objects. The resulting connotation is derisive: 'What are measly human beings...?'"[2] "The interrogative pronoun מה that occurs in the first and last lines of the psalm, occurs here in the middle of the psalm. The result is a poetic echo between the start, middle, and end of the psalm."[3] "Thus vv. 5 and 6 form the central point of the psalm."[4]
- v.2c. אֲשֶר as a relative is somewhat awkward as the antecedent would be either the pronominal suffix on שִׁמךָ or the vocative יהוה אדנינו. It is quite possible that אֲשֶׁר is a causal conjunction (LXX: ὅτι).[5] Note the phonological connection between אשׁר and ארץ.
- v.4a. כִּי is cataphoric; v.4ab forms the protasis and v.5ab the apodosis. "Instead of the apodosis I exclaim which we should expect, the exclamation itself follows."[6]
- ↑ C.F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical commentary on the Old Testament, Psalms (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans).
- ↑ Nancy L. deClaisse-Walford, Rolf A. Jacobson, and Beth LaNeel Tanner, The Book of Psalms, The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2014).
- ↑ Nancy L. deClaisse-Walford, Rolf A. Jacobson, and Beth LaNeel Tanner, The Book of Psalms, The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2014).
- ↑ Marvin E. Tate, “An Exposition of Psalm 8,” Perspectives in Religious Studies 28, no. 4 (Wint 2001) 343–59.
- ↑ BDB 83c 8c; KB1.2.3; Holladay, 2c; GKC, 158b; Joüon, 170e; Williams, 468.
- ↑ GKC, 159dd.