Form:Psalm

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Verbs

back to top Verbs

1. Verb forms

Distribution of verb form (tense-aspect-modality)

Verbs.1.Table Further discussion:Verbs.1.DiscussionVerbs.1.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

2. Person, gender and number

Distribution of verb by person, gender, and/or number.

Verbs.2.Table Further discussion:Verbs.2.DiscussionVerbs.2.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

3. Paragogic letters

Incidence of paragogic nun or he (Robar p. 180)

Verbs.3.Table Further discussion:Verbs.3.DiscussionVerbs.3.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

4. Long wayyiqtol

Incidence of long wayyiqtol

Verbs.4.Table Further discussion:Verbs.4.DiscussionVerbs.4.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

5. Verb stem types (binyamin)

Distribution of verb stem types (binyamin)

Verbs.5.Table Further discussion:Verbs.5.DiscussionVerbs.5.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

6. Other

Any other verb-related observations for this passage?

Verbs.6.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Feature Table.Verbs.1  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Verbs.2  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Verbs.3  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Verbs.4  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Verbs.5  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}

Nouns

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1. Number

How are nouns distributed by number?

Nouns.1.Table Further discussion:Nouns.1.DiscussionNouns.1.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

2. Gender

How are nouns distributed by gender?

Nouns.2.Table Further discussion:Nouns.2.DiscussionNouns.2.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

3. Definiteness

How are nouns distributed by definiteness?

Nouns.3.Table Further discussion:Nouns.3.DiscussionNouns.3.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

4. Pronominal suffixes

What pronominal suffixes appear in the passage? (May be on nouns or on infinitives.) Use one line in the table for each individual suffix, then comment on the distribution of all suffixes collectively throughout the passage.

Nouns.4.Table Further discussion:Nouns.4.DiscussionNouns.4.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

5. Suffixes as objects

Distribution of suffixes as objects

Nouns.5.Table Further discussion:Nouns.5.DiscussionNouns.5.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

6. Possessives

Distribution of possessives (whether by suffix, yesh, or -ל)

Nouns.6.Table Further discussion:Nouns.6.DiscussionNouns.6.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

7. Addressee change

At what points in the passage does the addressee change (self, God, evil men, community, other, or ambiguous)—and how do those changes intersect with the overall structure of the poem?

Nouns.7.Table Further discussion:Nouns.7.DiscussionNouns.7.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

8. Speaker change

At what points in the passage does the speaker change (I vs. we vs. ambiguous)—and how do those changes intersect with the overall structure of the poem?

Nouns.8.Table Further discussion:Nouns.8.DiscussionNouns.8.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

9. Subject change

At what points in the passage does the subject (agent) of the sentence change? Other semantic roles (like patient) that change? (Question: Worth an RRG or semantic/Kroeger-style analysis?)

Nouns.9.Table Further discussion:Nouns.9.DiscussionNouns.9.Relevant This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

10. Scene change

At what points in the passage does the scene/location change?

Nouns.10.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Feature Table.Nouns.1  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.2  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.3  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.4  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.5  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.6  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.7  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.8  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}Feature Table.Nouns.9  Definition Occurrences Clustering Intersection Connections Structure {{{end template}}}

Particles

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1. Negative markers

Distribution of negative markers (לֹֽא אַל אֵין בַּל לְבִלְתִּי)

Particles.1.Discussion

2. Independent personal pronouns

Distribution of independent personal pronouns

Particles.2.Discussion

3. Prepositions

Distribution of prepositions, both independent and word bound (cf. beg/end use of בַּ in Psalm 13)

Particles.3.Discussion

4. Waw/Vav

Distribution of vav

Particles.4.Discussion

5. Other particles

Distribution of other particles (אַךְ הֵן הִנֵּה גַּם כֵּן כִּי עַתָּה פֶּן לְמַעַן אִם לוּ\לוּלֵא, etc)—what thoughts might similar particles be connecting?

Particles.5.Discussion

6. Content vs non-content

Any indication that content vs. non-content words are distributed in a way that supports the structure of the poem as a whole?

Particles.6.Discussion

7. Other

Any other observations on how particles are used in this passage?

Particles.7.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Figurative Language

back to top Figurative

1. Metaphor

Metaphor

Figurative.1.Discussion

2. Simile

Simile

Figurative.2.Discussion

3. Metonymy

Metonymy (association: sword=war)

Figurative.3.Discussion

4. Synecdoche

Synecdoche (part for whole: Jerusalem for inhabitants of)

Figurative.4.Discussion

5. Merism

Merism (outer limits for whole: Dan to Beersheba)

Figurative.5.Discussion

6. Personification

Personification (abstract concepts do things, cf. righteousness in Psalm 85)

Figurative.6.Discussion

7. Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism (God has eyes)

Figurative.7.Discussion

8. Apostrophe

Apostrophe (direct address to inanimate object or absent person)

Figurative.8.Discussion

9. Euphemism

Euphemism

Figurative.9.Discussion

10. Hyperbole

Hyperbole

Figurative.10.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Context

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1. Translation advice

What translation advice would you offer for specific figures of speech identified above?

Context.1.Discussion

2. Figures of Speech

Do figures of speech collectively seem to be involved in defining the overall structure of the poem?

Context.2.Discussion

3. Historical background

What historical background information do we have from the psalm or elsewhere in Scripture about the context of this psalm?

Context.3.Discussion

4. Cultural background

What cultural background information would assist readers in understanding this psalm?

Context.4.Discussion

5. Implicit information

What information is left implicit in the original text that may need to be made explicit in translations?

Context.5.Discussion

6. Reference/allusions

Incidence of broad reference/allusions (words/phrases pointing to other places in the OT, especially first 5 books, cf. Turner 2017)?

Context.6.Discussion

7. Alluded to in NT

Which parts of this psalm, if any, are quoted directly or seemingly alluded to by NT authors? (How highly linguistically marked are the words or lines referenced? Cf. the middle verses from Psalm 8 or the “cornerstone” verse from Psalm 118.)

Context.7.Discussion

8. Other

Anything else that should be included regarding the broader context of this psalm?

Context.8.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Mathematical

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1. Fokkelman's prosody and syllable counts

Fokkelman’s work on prosody and syllable counts

Mathematical.1.Discussion

2. Alternative prosody and syllable counts

Do you have commentary/alternate proposed suggestions regarding Fokkelman’s syllable counts?

Mathematical.2.Discussion

3. Cola distribution

How would we propose distributing cola (monocolons, bicolons, tricolons, and tetracolons) in this psalm? Please explain any decisions that might have alternate options.

Mathematical.3.Discussion

4. Classifying parallelisms

How would we propose classifying parallelisms in this psalm? How does the distribution of different types of parallelism intersect with the overall structure of the poem?

Mathematical.4.Discussion

5. Selah

Where does “selah” appear?

Mathematical.5.Discussion

6. Quotations / direct speech

Where do quotations/direct speech appear?

Mathematical.6.Discussion

7. Elision

Where does elided information appear?

Mathematical.7.Discussion

8. Chiasms

What chiasms do you observe on the clause/colon level in this poem (anything within a monocolon, bicolon, tricolon, or tetracolon)?

Mathematical.8.Discussion

9. Word order

Comment on any unusual, repetitive, or otherwise marked word order

Mathematical.9.Discussion

10. Lunn on Word order

Lunn’s work on word order, with commentary

Mathematical.10.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Variants

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1. Kinds of variants

What kinds of variants appear in texts for this psalm?

Variants.1.Discussion

2. Likely solutions

How does our analysis of the above features inform likely solutions to these questions?

Variants.2.Discussion {{{end template}}}

Summary

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1. Line divisions

What are your proposed line divisions for this text? (If we provide a pre-generated version from Fokkelman, Wendland, the computer, etc.: Which differences would you propose from the already provided version?) Provide explanations for divisions that might be debated.

Summary.1.Discussion

2. Section divisions

What are your proposed section divisions for the text? Provide explanations for divisions that might be debated.

Summary.2.Discussion

3. Communicative function

What is the communicative function of the poem as a whole? Of each of the sections you’ve identified?

Summary.3.Discussion

4. Range of emotions

What is the range of possible emotions that might be behind the poem? Please explain how these emotions change at different points or for different sections throughout the poem.

Summary.4.Discussion

5. Cohesion

What features provide cohesion to the text (either as a whole, or within sections)?

Summary.5.Discussion

6. Discontinuity & boundaries

What features give discontinuity, marking boundaries? (What changes happen between sections of the text)?

Summary.6.Discussion

7. Feature clustering

Where, if at all, do you notice multiple special features clustering in the poem?

Summary.7.Discussion

8. Absence of special features

Where, if at all, do you notice the absence of special features?

Summary.8.Discussion

9. Prominence

Based on your analysis, what would you consider the most prominent line(s) and/or section(s) in the text?

Summary.9.Discussion

10. Main message

What would you consider the main message of the text, the primary thought an audience should take away from it?

Summary.10.Discussion {{{end template}}}