Form:Psalm

This is the "Psalm" form. To create a page with this form, enter the page name below; if a page with that name already exists, you will be sent to a form to edit that page.

Create or edit

Poetic Features

Phonology

1.

How are vowels distributed throughout the poem? Include additional notes about the feature in the space below the table. How does our analysis change when viewing aleph vs. ayin with the same vowel underneath? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

How are consonants distributed throughout the poem? Use computer analysis to go through each sound. Add option to look at final consonant either alone or as part of primary consonant? Significant exclusively as final in Psalm 1…. {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

What combinations of sounds (including consonants and/or vowels) appear in significant clusters within the poem? How do these clusters intersect with the overall structure of the poem? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

For letters/sounds (consonants or vowels) that appear relatively infrequently in this passage, how does their rareness in this text correspond with their statistical rareness in the book of Psalms, or in poetic passages, or in the OT as a whole) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Patterns in beginning sounds of lines (or words within lines…may overlap with distribution of consonants/vowels above)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Patterns in end rhyme of lines (or words within lines)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Similar sounds in adjacent lines (internal rhyme, etc. … may also overlap with distribution of consonants/vowels above)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Any other observations on how sounds are used in this passage? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Lexical Semantics

1.

What words do you anticipate causing difficulty for translators in this passage? Please provide insights that may assist others in making translation decisions. (Note: For idioms and other figures of speech, please see separate section.){{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Analysis of references to God (appearance of one of these lexemes or variations thereof: יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים אֱלוֹהָי אֲדֹנָי אֵל ; should we also include suffixes and other pronominal references?) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

To what extent does the tetragrammaton seem to function the same or differently from the appearance of other references to God? (For the Psalms that don’t include the tetragrammaton, can we still come to any tentative conclusions of which entries would have been the tetragrammaton, based on where other divine names appear? cf. especially Psalms 14 and 53.) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Which exact words, phrases, or word roots are repeated? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Which common word pairs or sequences appear (whether together or slightly separated, like “foot” and “hand” in Ps 121)? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Which other semantically/thematically related words appear in this passage? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Which rare words (defined as fewer than 50 occurrences) appear? Consider commenting on factors that may affect the rarity of the word, as far as we know (e.g., does the language already have a number of synonyms for the concept? does this word only appear in poetic contexts? Is the word an unlikely topic for sacred texts, and therefore possibly rare?) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Which of the rare words (if any) appear to be borrowed (such as bar at the end of Psalm 2)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Any other observations regarding lexical semantics in this passage? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Verb-related Features

1.

Distribution of verb form (tense-aspect-modality) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of verb by person, gender, and/or number. {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Incidence of paragogic nun or he (Robar p. 180) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Incidence of long wayyiqtol {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of verb stem types (binyamin) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Any other verb-related observations for this passage? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Noun-Related Features

1.

How are nouns distributed by number? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

How are nouns distributed by gender? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

How are nouns distributed by definiteness? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

What pronominal suffixes appear in the passage? (May be on nouns or on infinitives.) Use one line in the table for each individual suffix, then comment on the distribution of all suffixes collectively throughout the passage. {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of suffixes as objects {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of possessives (whether by suffix, yesh, or -ל) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

At what points in the passage does the addressee change (self, God, evil men, community, other, or ambiguous)—and how do those changes intersect with the overall structure of the poem? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

At what points in the passage does the speaker change (I vs. we vs. ambiguous)—and how do those changes intersect with the overall structure of the poem? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

At what points in the passage does the subject (agent) of the sentence change? Other semantic roles (like patient) that change? (Question: Worth an RRG or semantic/Kroeger-style analysis?) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

At what points in the passage does the scene/location change? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Any other noun-related observations for this passage? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Particles and Word-bound Features

1.

Distribution of negative markers (לֹֽא אַל אֵין בַּל לְבִלְתִּי) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of independent personal pronouns {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of prepositions, both independent and word bound (cf. beg/end use of בַּ in Psalm 13) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of vav {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Distribution of other particles (אַךְ הֵן הִנֵּה גַּם כֵּן כִּי עַתָּה פֶּן לְמַעַן אִם לוּ\לוּלֵא, etc)—what thoughts might similar particles be connecting? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Any indication that content vs. non-content words are distributed in a way that supports the structure of the poem as a whole? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Any other observations on how particles are used in this passage? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

Broader Context

Fill in a line in the table for each of the following types of figurative language that appears in this psalm:

1.

Metaphor {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Simile {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Metonymy (association: sword=war) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Synecdoche (part for whole: Jerusalem for inhabitants of) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Merism (outer limits for whole: Dan to Beersheba) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Personification (abstract concepts do things, cf. righteousness in Psalm 85) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Anthropomorphism (God has eyes) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Apostrophe (direct address to inanimate object or absent person) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Euphemism {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Hyperbole {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Sarcasm, irony (verbal, intratextual, intertextual), etc. {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Rhetorical questions {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Idioms (distinguish between fossilized vs. still idiomatic) {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

What translation advice would you offer for specific figures of speech identified above? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Do figures of speech collectively seem to be involved in defining the overall structure of the poem? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

What historical background information do we have from the psalm or elsewhere in Scripture about the context of this psalm? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What cultural background information would assist readers in understanding this psalm? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What information is left implicit in the original text that may need to be made explicit in translations? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Incidence of broad reference/allusions (words/phrases pointing to other places in the OT, especially first 5 books, cf. Turner 2017)? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Which parts of this psalm, if any, are quoted directly or seemingly alluded to by NT authors? (How highly linguistically marked are the words or lines referenced? Cf. the middle verses from Psalm 8 or the “cornerstone” verse from Psalm 118.) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Anything else that should be included regarding the broader context of this psalm? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Mathematical Structure

1.

Fokkelman’s work on prosody and syllable counts {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Do you have commentary/alternate proposed suggestions regarding Fokkelman’s syllable counts? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

How would we propose distributing cola (monocolons, bicolons, tricolons, and tetracolons) in this psalm? Please explain any decisions that might have alternate options. {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

How would we propose classifying parallelisms in this psalm? How does the distribution of different types of parallelism intersect with the overall structure of the poem? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Where does “selah” appear? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Where do quotations/direct speech appear? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

Where does elided information appear? {{{field|Table.1|holds template}}} Further discussion:{{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}{{{field|Relevant.1|input type=checkbox|default=false}}} This feature seems to be relevant to the structure of this psalm.

1.

What chiasms do you observe on the clause/colon level in this poem (anything within a monocolon, bicolon, tricolon, or tetracolon)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Comment on any unusual, repetitive, or otherwise marked word order {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Lunn’s work on word order, with commentary {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What's the middle word if words are considered units connected with maqaf [high hyphen] and how (if at all) does that middle word intersect with other features analyzed and/or the overall structure of the poem? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What’s the middle word if all lexemes are considered independent units and how (if at all) does it intersect with other features analyzed and/or the overall structure/theme of the poem? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Based on your division of lines, what is the middle line and how does it intersect with the other features and overall structure of the poem? (Or is there another line with higher marking in terms of poetic features?) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Variants and Textual Criticism

1.

What kinds of variants appear in texts for this psalm? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

How does our analysis of the above features inform likely solutions to these questions? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

Summary

1.

What are your proposed line divisions for this text? (If we provide a pre-generated version from Fokkelman, Wendland, the computer, etc.: Which differences would you propose from the already provided version?) Provide explanations for divisions that might be debated. {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What are your proposed section divisions for the text? Provide explanations for divisions that might be debated. {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What is the communicative function of the poem as a whole? Of each of the sections you’ve identified? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What is the range of possible emotions that might be behind the poem? Please explain how these emotions change at different points or for different sections throughout the poem. {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What features provide cohesion to the text (either as a whole, or within sections)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What features give discontinuity, marking boundaries? (What changes happen between sections of the text)? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Where, if at all, do you notice multiple special features clustering in the poem? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Where, if at all, do you notice the absence of special features? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Based on your analysis, what would you consider the most prominent line(s) and/or section(s) in the text? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What would you consider the main message of the text, the primary thought an audience should take away from it? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What connections are made poetically, semantically, grammatically, or emotionally between specific lines or sections in the text? (Which lines/sections are marked by similar features?) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What large-scale structure(s) do you see in this text? (Chiastic of the whole poem or of sections of any size (ABCB'A')? Far parallelism (ABA'B')? Other?) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

Taking all of the above information into consideration, what is your proposed (formal or dynamic) translation for this psalm into one of your primary languages? {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

1.

What outline or visual representation would you suggest for this text? (You can write things out as text and/or upload a .jpg picture file if you’d like.) {{{field|Discussion.1|input type=textarea}}}

{{{end template}}} Psalm Chapter

Scholars

Please list your name here if you have contributed to the study of this psalm. Scholars

Bibliography

Include here any bibliography you find particularly helpful for this Psalm. If you drag and drop from Zotero, formatted for Wikipedia Citation, then it will be fully searchable. Bibliography {{{end template}}}

save preview cancel